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JavaScripts can be included in an (X)HTML document in any of four ways:
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Let's use our minimal Mondrian to demonstrate them all:
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>Piet Mondrian's Home Page</title>
<script src="/scripts/foo.js" defer="defer" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var foo = 1;
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Piet Mondrian: Abstract Impressionist</h1>
<p>Mondrian was one of the great abstract masters...</p>
<p><a onmouseover="window.status='Mondrian Home Page'; return true;"; href="http://www.mondrian.com">Mondrian.com</a></p>
<p><a href="javascript:window.open('http://www.mondrian.com/')">Mondrian.com</a></p>
</body>
</html>In honor of Mondrian and expediency, let's focus squarely on the first two options. Event handlers can be used to link behavior to elements (ideally with functions), but the javascript: pseudo-protocol should be avoided as the only reference of a link. The 11 percent of people without JavaScript won't be able to access this content.[3] This is not exactly user friendly.[4] A number of sites rely on JavaScript—even government sites that should be easily accessible like http://www.canadapost.ca/.
Here's the syntax of the script element:
<script>Function: |
Defines an executable script |
Attributes: |
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Examples: |
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End tag: |
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Alternate: |
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Used in: |
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3. TheCounter.com, "JavaScript Stats," in Global Statistics 2002 [online], (Darien, CT: Jupitermedia Corporation, October, 2002), available from the Internet at http://www.thecounter.com/stats/. Back
4. Pamela L. O'Connell, "Site Unseen?," New York Times, 14 February 2002, Circuits section, D3. Shirley Kaiser of WebStandards.org and I were quoted in this story about Olympics.com, a site that required JavaScript. Back
# # #
[Andy King is the founder and newsletter editor of WebReference.com. The companion Web site for this book can be found at: www.websiteoptimization.com.]
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From Speed Up Your Site: Web Site Optimization, Chapter 9.
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Created: February 10, 2003
Revised: February 10, 2003
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